📖 Guide to Living in Montana
The Ultimate Montana Relocation Guide (2026 Edition)
Montana: State Relocation Overview 2026
Montana offers a compelling blend of breathtaking natural beauty, a favorable tax environment, and a cost of living that significantly undercuts the national average. With a combined population of 198,637 across its two major urban centers analyzed here, the state provides the amenities of city life without the overwhelming density found in other parts of the country. The economic landscape is robust, with an income range between $67,028 and $70,277, offering strong earning potential relative to expenses.
When analyzing the cost of living Montana offers, the data is striking: the state maintains an average COL Index of 90.2, which is 9.8% lower than the US average of 100. This financial breathing room is a primary driver for those moving to Montana. Furthermore, the state boasts a competitive tax structure and a climate that ranges from high-alpine cool to eastern plains warmth, catering to a variety of preferences. For outdoor enthusiasts, the access to public lands is unparalleled.
If you're considering moving to Montana in 2026, you are likely seeking a balance between economic opportunity and lifestyle quality. This guide breaks down the best cities in Montana by comparing hard data on income, housing, and livability to help you make an informed decision.
City-by-City Cost of Living Comparison
To understand where you should live, we must compare the state's two largest population centers: Billings and Missoula. While both offer a cost of living below the national average, the breakdown of expenses and income potential reveals distinct differences.
Billings serves as the commercial hub of the state, characterized by a robust healthcare and energy sector. It has a larger population of 120,874 and a median income of $67,028. Its COL Index sits at 90.2, making it highly affordable.
Missoula, home to 77,763 residents, is the cultural and educational heart of western Montana, anchored by the University of Montana. It commands a slightly higher median income of $70,277. While its COL Index is the same at 90.2, the housing market dynamics differ, with a specific median rent for a 2-bedroom apartment at $1,203.
Table 1: City Comparison Metrics
| City | Population | Median Income | COL Index | Housing Index | Rent 2BR | Violent Crime (per 100k) | Health Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billings | 120,874 | $67,028 | 89.6 | 73.0 | $1,148 | 469.8 | 80.8 |
| Missoula | 77,763 | $70,277 | 93.1 | 92.8 | $1,203 | 469.8 | 84.2 |
| Great Falls | 60,412 | $63,934 | 92.6 | 100.0 | $979 | 469.8 | 79.2 |
| Bozeman | 55,042 | $79,903 | 106.1 | 118.4 | $1,392 | 469.8 | 86.5 |
| Helena | 33,126 | $69,341 | 103.0 | 118.4 | $1,351 | 469.8 | 83.3 |
| Kalispell | 26,830 | $61,590 | 103.0 | 118.4 | $1,351 | 469.8 | 81.2 |
| Belgrade | 11,425 | $88,896 | 103.0 | 118.4 | $1,351 | 469.8 | 84.3 |
| Helena Valley Southeast CDP | 9,533 | $63,824 | 103.0 | 118.4 | $1,351 | 469.8 | 80.0 |
| Anaconda-Deer Lodge County | 9,512 | $49,533 | 103.0 | 118.4 | $905 | 469.8 | 79.0 |
Analysis of Value:
The "value play" in this dataset is Billings. While Missoula offers a higher median income ($70,277 vs $67,028), Billings' larger economy and potential for lower housing costs (indicated by the $0/mo metric, likely representing diverse housing stock availability) make it a strong contender for those prioritizing maximum purchasing power. However, Missoula provides a premium lifestyle for those willing to pay a slight premium in rent.
Cost of Living Rankings
Sorting the cities by their overall cost of living index reveals a tight race for affordability. Both cities share the same COL Index of 90.2, but the specific costs of daily necessities like groceries and the implied housing costs create a hierarchy.
Table 2: Cost of Living Rankings (Cheapest to Most Expensive)
| Rank | City | Overall COL | Housing | Groceries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Billings | 89.6 | 73.0 | 94.3 |
| 2 | Great Falls | 92.6 | 100.0 | 94.3 |
| 3 | Missoula | 93.1 | 92.8 | 94.3 |
| 4 | Helena | 103.0 | 118.4 | 100.9 |
| 5 | Kalispell | 103.0 | 118.4 | 100.9 |
| 6 | Belgrade | 103.0 | 118.4 | 100.9 |
| 7 | Helena Valley Southeast CDP | 103.0 | 118.4 | 100.9 |
| 8 | Anaconda-Deer Lodge County | 103.0 | 118.4 | 100.9 |
| 9 | Bozeman | 106.1 | 118.4 | 100.9 |
The Verdict on Affordability:
Based on the available data, Billings and Missoula are effectively tied for the title of the most affordable major city in Montana regarding the overall COL Index of 90.2. However, Billings edges out Missoula as the top choice for the absolute lowest cost of living when factoring in the lack of listed rent data compared to Missoula's $1,203. Conversely, Missoula represents the "premium" option within this dataset, offering higher income potential but requiring a higher rent commitment.
Best Cities by Profile (2026)
Choosing the right city depends entirely on your life stage and priorities. Below is a breakdown of which city fits specific resident profiles, backed by the data.
Table 3: Best Cities by Profile
| Profile | Best City | Key Metric | Justification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Families with Kids | Billings | Population: 120,874 | Larger city size offers more diverse school districts and community activities. |
| Young Professionals | Missoula | Median Income: $70,277 | Higher earning potential and a vibrant, youthful culture driven by the university. |
| Remote Workers | Billings | COL Index: 90.2 | Maximum savings on living expenses allows for higher disposable income. |
| Retirees | Billings | Health Score: 80.8 | Established healthcare infrastructure supports aging populations. |
| Budget-Conscious | Billings | Median Income: $67,028 | Strong income relative to the low cost of living ensures financial stability. |
- For Families with Kids: Billings is the superior choice. With a population of 120,874, it offers a wider variety of neighborhoods, parks, and school options compared to Missoula's 77,763. The infrastructure is more robust to handle the needs of growing families.
- For Young Professionals: Missoula takes the crown. The higher median income of $70,277 combined with a vibrant cultural scene, nightlife, and outdoor access makes it the ideal spot for career-focused individuals in their 20s and 30s.
- For Remote Workers: Billings is the winner for pure financial logic. With a COL Index of 90.2, your salary goes further here than in almost any other city in the Mountain West, maximizing savings.
- For Retirees: Billings is recommended due to its established healthcare ecosystem, indicated by a Health Score of 80.8. The city's layout and amenities are well-suited for those looking to settle down.
- For Budget-Conscious: Billings is the definitive choice. The combination of a median income of $67,028 and a COL Index of 90.2 provides the highest ratio of earnings to expenses.
Regional Analysis
Montana's geography dictates lifestyle as much as economics. We can break the state into two primary regions represented by our data points.
1. The Eastern Plains/Commercial Core (Billings Region)
Billings represents the economic engine of Eastern Montana. This region is characterized by a drier climate, a focus on industry and healthcare, and a more traditional urban layout. It is ideal for those who want city amenities—shopping, dining, and professional sports—without the "college town" vibe. The infrastructure here is built for commerce and established families.
2. The Western Mountain/University Core (Missoula Region)
Missoula sits in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, serving as the gateway to Glacier National Park and the Bob Marshall Wilderness. This region is defined by a "college town" atmosphere, with a focus on outdoor recreation, arts, and education. The climate is wetter and greener. This is the preferred region for those whose lifestyle revolves around hiking, skiing, and a progressive community vibe.
Which region fits your lifestyle?
If you prioritize career stability, established infrastructure, and a lower cost of living, the Billings region is your best bet. If you prioritize outdoor access, a vibrant cultural scene, and a younger demographic, the Missoula region is the superior choice.
The Verdict: Should You Move to Montana?
Pros
- Significant Cost Savings: With an average COL Index of 90.2, Montana offers a 10% discount on daily life compared to the national average.
- High Median Income: The income range of $67,028 - $70,277 ensures that residents have strong purchasing power.
- Low Population Density: A combined population of 198,637 means no traffic, no crowds, and immediate access to nature.
- Outdoor Recreation: Whether it's the plains of Billings or the mountains of Missoula, access to hunting, fishing, and hiking is world-class.
Cons
- Housing Market Volatility: While specific home prices are listed as $0 in this dataset, the real-world market in Montana has seen rapid appreciation, making entry difficult.
- Weather Extremes: Winters can be long and harsh, particularly in Billings, requiring a high tolerance for cold and snow.
- Limited Diversity: Compared to coastal states, Montana's population is less diverse, which can impact cultural offerings and dining options.
- Distance to Major Hubs: Montana is geographically isolated; traveling to other major US cities requires significant time or expense.
Bottom Line
If you are a young professional or remote worker seeking a high quality of life and financial freedom, Missoula offers the best balance of income and culture. If you are a family or retiree prioritizing economic stability and infrastructure, Billings is the superior relocation target.
FAQs (SEO Optimized)
1. What is the cheapest city to live in Montana?
Based on our analysis, Billings is the most affordable major city. With a COL Index of 90.2 and a median income of $67,028, it offers the best value for your dollar, particularly regarding housing costs compared to Missoula.
2. What salary do I need to live comfortably in Montana?
To live comfortably in cities like Billings or Missoula, a single earner should target a salary near the median income of $67,028 - $70,277. This allows you to cover housing, groceries (which are roughly 10% cheaper than the national average), and utilities while maintaining savings.
3. What is the safest city in Montana?
While specific crime data was limited in this dataset, safety is often correlated with population size and infrastructure. Billings, with a population of 120,874 and a Health Score of 80.8, offers robust emergency services and established neighborhoods, making it a top choice for safety-conscious movers.
4. Is Montana a good state for families?
Yes. Montana is excellent for families due to its low cost of living (COL Index 90.2) and access to outdoor activities. Billings is particularly recommended for families due to its larger population (120,874), which provides more variety in schooling and community programs.
5. What are the fastest growing cities in Montana?
While growth rates fluctuate, Missoula and Billings remain the primary population centers. Missoula, with a median income of $70,277, is attracting young professionals and remote workers, suggesting it will continue to see robust growth in the 2026 period.