📖 Guide to Living in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania: State Relocation Guide 2026
Pennsylvania: State Relocation Overview 2026
Pennsylvania presents a compelling value proposition for relocations in 2026, offering a unique blend of Northeastern economic opportunity and Midwestern affordability. The state’s primary advantage lies in its robust infrastructure and diverse economic base, anchored by major metro hubs like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, yet accessible through smaller, revitalized cities like Reading and Erie. When analyzing the 6 major cities in this guide, we see a combined population of 2,244,358 residents. The economic landscape varies significantly, with an income range spanning from $38,814 in Reading to $68,719 in Bethlehem.
From a cost-of-living perspective, Pennsylvania is a strategic choice. The state average COL Index stands at 97.5, sitting 2.5% below the national average. However, the housing market is slightly tighter, with an average Housing Index of 102.2. State-level advantages include a flat income tax rate of 3.07%, which is highly competitive compared to progressive tax states, and a climate that offers four distinct seasons without the extreme weather events common in the Deep South or Midwest.
If you're considering moving to Pennsylvania in 2026, this guide focuses on comparing cities within the state to help you find the perfect fit. Whether you are looking for the best cities in Pennsylvania for job opportunities, the lowest cost of living Pennsylvania has to offer, or a safe haven for your family, our data-driven analysis covers the top urban centers.
City-by-City Cost of Living Comparison
To understand the landscape, we must look at the raw metrics. The disparity between the highest and lowest income earners is significant—Bethlehem residents earn roughly 77% more than those in Reading. However, income is only half the story; housing affordability defines the true value of a location.
Philadelphia dominates the landscape with a population of 1,550,542 and a median income of $60,302. It is the premium hub for culture and jobs, but it comes with a cost. The median home price is $285,000, and renting a 2-bedroom apartment averages $1,737/month. The city also reports a violent crime rate of 726.5 per 100k, a metric prospective residents must weigh against the employment opportunities.
In contrast, Erie emerges as a potential "value play" on the western edge of the state. With a median income of $41,377 and a rent of just $983/month for a 2-bedroom, the rent-to-income ratio is significantly lower than in the southeast. Similarly, Bethlehem offers the highest median income in the dataset at $68,719, suggesting a strong local economy, though specific housing metrics were not provided for this cycle.
Reading represents the most budget-conscious environment, with the lowest median income at $38,814. For those prioritizing low overhead over maximum earning potential, Reading offers a distinct entry point into the Pennsylvania market.
Table 1: City Comparison Metrics
| City | Population | Median Income | COL Index | Housing Index | Rent 2BR | Violent Crime (per 100k) | Health Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philadelphia | 1,550,542 | $60,302 | 103.5 | 117.8 | $1,737 | 726.5 | - |
| Pittsburgh | 303,254 | $66,219 | 94.4 | 73.5 | $1,161 | 567.0 | - |
| Allentown | 124,871 | $47,175 | 98.4 | 98.8 | $1,426 | 456.0 | - |
| Reading | 94,897 | $38,814 | 96.0 | 82.7 | $1,320 | 678.0 | - |
| Erie | 92,953 | $41,377 | 91.5 | 61.6 | $983 | 456.0 | - |
| Bethlehem | 77,841 | $68,719 | 98.4 | 98.8 | $1,426 | 413.7 | - |
| Scranton | 75,803 | $41,601 | 93.0 | 68.8 | $1,039 | 345.0 | - |
| Lancaster | 57,683 | $63,421 | 96.3 | 84.9 | $1,333 | 413.7 | - |
| Levittown CDP | 50,930 | $101,619 | 103.5 | 117.8 | $1,487 | 413.7 | - |
| Harrisburg | 50,092 | $47,783 | 96.5 | 85.6 | $1,273 | 413.7 | - |
Cost of Living Rankings
Because the general COL Index is identical across all 6 cities in this dataset (97.5), the ranking is determined by specific sub-indices and housing costs. This table highlights where your dollar stretches furthest.
Philadelphia, despite its average COL score, commands the highest housing costs, making it the most expensive city for renters and homeowners. Conversely, Erie offers the most accessible rental market with a 2BR average of $983, making it the #1 affordable city for those requiring rental flexibility.
Table 2: Cost of Living Rankings (Cheapest to Most Expensive)
| Rank | City | Overall COL | Housing | Groceries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Erie | 91.5 | 61.6 | 100.0 |
| 2 | Scranton | 93.0 | 68.8 | 98.5 |
| 3 | Pittsburgh | 94.4 | 73.5 | 98.5 |
| 4 | Reading | 96.0 | 82.7 | 98.5 |
| 5 | Lancaster | 96.3 | 84.9 | 98.5 |
| 6 | Harrisburg | 96.5 | 85.6 | 98.5 |
| 7 | Allentown | 98.4 | 98.8 | 98.5 |
| 8 | Bethlehem | 98.4 | 98.8 | 98.5 |
| 9 | Philadelphia | 103.5 | 117.8 | 100.3 |
| 10 | Levittown CDP | 103.5 | 117.8 | 100.3 |
Best Cities by Profile (2026)
Choosing the right city depends on your lifestyle stage. Pennsylvania offers distinct environments for different demographics. The following table matches specific profiles to the city that best fits their data-driven needs.
For Families with Kids: Safety and space are paramount. While Philadelphia has a high crime rate of 726.5, the suburbs and smaller metros offer better options. Pittsburgh, with a median income of $66,219, offers a strong economic base for families, though we recommend looking at specific suburban zip codes for lower crime rates.
For Young Professionals: The focus is on career growth and culture. Philadelphia is the obvious choice with its 1.5 million population and $60,302 median income, but Bethlehem is a rising star with the highest median income in the dataset at $68,719, suggesting a thriving professional class.
For Remote Workers: Value is key. Erie stands out. With a median income of $41,377 and rent at $983, the cost of living is low, allowing remote workers to maximize savings while enjoying Great Lakes access.
For Budget-Conscious: Reading offers the lowest barrier to entry. With a median income of $38,814, the cost of living is calibrated to match, providing the most affordable baseline in the state.
Table 3: Best Cities by Profile
| Profile | Best City | Key Metric | Justification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Families with Kids | Pittsburgh | Median Income: $66,219 | Strong middle-class income base and manageable population size compared to Philadelphia. |
| Young Professionals | Bethlehem | Median Income: $68,719 | Highest earning potential in the dataset, suggesting robust job market and professional networking. |
| Remote Workers | Erie | Rent 2BR: $983 | Lowest rent cost allows for maximum savings and high quality of life near the lake. |
| Budget-Conscious | Reading | Median Income: $38,814 | The most affordable entry point into the Pennsylvania housing and rental market. |
| Urban Enthusiasts | Philadelphia | Population: 1,550,542 | The only city with massive density, offering the most amenities, transit, and culture. |
Regional Analysis
To truly understand moving to Pennsylvania, you must view it through its regional distinctiveness.
The Southeast (Philadelphia Metro): This is the economic engine. It features the highest population density (1.5M) and the highest housing costs (102.2 index). It is ideal for those who need access to major corporate headquarters and are willing to pay a premium for it. The crime rate here is the highest in the state (726.5), so neighborhood selection is critical.
The West (Pittsburgh & Erie): This region is defined by resilience and value. Pittsburgh has replaced its steel identity with tech and healthcare, boasting a high median income of $66,219. Erie provides the best "lake life" affordability, with rents under $1,000. This region is best for those who want city amenities without the density of the East Coast.
The Lehigh Valley (Allentown, Bethlehem, Reading): This corridor is the "middle ground." Bethlehem shines here with a massive median income of $68,719, suggesting a booming local economy. Reading offers the rural-urban mix with the lowest income requirements. This region is perfect for those commuting between major metros but wanting a quieter home base.
The Verdict: Should You Move to Pennsylvania?
Pros:
- Below-Average Cost of Living: With a state average of 97.5, Pennsylvania is cheaper than the national average, particularly in the West and Reading areas.
- High Income Potential in Key Hubs: You can earn up to $68,719 in Bethlehem or $66,219 in Pittsburgh, rivaling coastal salaries without the coastal price tag.
- Tax Structure: The flat 3.07% income tax is a massive financial advantage for high earners compared to neighboring New York or New Jersey.
- Diverse Housing Stock: Whether you want a $285,000 home in Philadelphia or a budget-friendly rental in Erie ($983/mo), the market offers range.
Cons:
- Housing Cost Pressure: Despite a COL of 97.5, the Housing Index is 102.2, meaning housing is actually more expensive than the national average in many areas.
- Crime Variance: Philadelphia’s violent crime rate of 726.5 per 100k is significantly higher than the national average and requires careful research.
- Infrastructure Aging: Much of the state’s infrastructure, particularly in older cities like Reading and Philadelphia, requires maintenance, which can impact daily commutes.
- Weather: Winters can be harsh, and heating costs, while not included in the base COL, can spike expenses in the colder months.
Bottom Line: Pennsylvania is the ideal state for relocations seeking Northeastern opportunities at Midwestern prices, provided you choose a city—like Pittsburgh or Erie—that matches your specific income and safety requirements.
FAQs (SEO Optimized)
What is the cheapest city to live in Pennsylvania?
Based on our 2026 data, Reading and Erie are the most affordable cities. Reading has the lowest median income requirement ($38,814), while Erie offers the lowest rent for a 2-bedroom apartment at $983/month.
What salary do I need to live comfortably in Pennsylvania?
To live comfortably in the state average context (COL 97.5), a single person should aim for a salary between $55,000 and $65,000. However, in high-value cities like Erie, you can live comfortably on closer to $45,000 due to lower housing costs.
What is the safest city in Pennsylvania?
While this guide highlights Philadelphia's crime rate of 726.5, the data suggests that smaller populations generally correlate with lower crime. Bethlehem and Pittsburgh are strong contenders for safety and economic stability, though specific suburban data often outperforms urban cores.
Is Pennsylvania a good state for families?
Yes. With a median income range up to $68,719 and a COL below the national average, Pennsylvania allows families to afford larger homes. Cities like Pittsburgh offer a balance of good schools and affordable housing.
What are the fastest growing cities in Pennsylvania?
While this guide focuses on the largest cities, Bethlehem (Median Income: $68,719) shows signs of rapid economic growth. The Lehigh Valley region generally is seeing population shifts away from the colder northern tiers toward the economic stability of the southeast.