Research & Data

Open City
Research Hub

Transparent, data-driven research on 714 US cities across 51 states. Powered by federal data sources. Free to cite.

714+
Cities Tracked
7
Federal Data Sources
Monthly
Data Updates
100%
Open & Free

Data Sources & Methodology

Every metric is traceable to an official data source

CB

US Census Bureau

.GOV SOURCE

American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates provide the foundation for demographic and economic data.

Population & Growthโœ“
Median Household Incomeโœ“
Demographics & Ageโœ“
Education Attainmentโœ“
Housing Occupancyโœ“
Updated: Annually data.census.gov
BLS

Bureau of Labor Statistics

.GOV SOURCE

Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (OEWS) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) data.

Occupation Wages (800+ roles)โœ“
Employment by Industryโœ“
Cost of Living Indexโœ“
Unemployment Ratesโœ“
Updated: Annually bls.gov/oes
Z

Zillow Research

LICENSED DATA

Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI) and Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI) for housing analytics.

Median Home Values (ZHVI)โœ“
Observed Rent Index (ZORI)โœ“
Price-to-Rent Ratioโœ“
YoY Price Growthโœ“
Inventory Countโœ“
Updated: Monthly zillow.com/research
FBI

FBI Crime Data

.GOV SOURCE

Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) and National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS).

Violent Crime per 100Kโœ“
Property Crime per 100Kโœ“
Safety Score (Computed)โœ“
Updated: Annually crime-data-explorer
FED

Federal Reserve (FRED)

.GOV SOURCE

Federal Reserve Economic Data for macroeconomic indicators and mortgage rates.

30Y Mortgage Rate (Live)โœ“
GDP by Metro Areaโœ“
Regional CPIโœ“
Updated: Weekly/Monthly fred.stlouisfed.org
NWS

National Weather Service

.GOV SOURCE

NOAA climate normals and air quality data from EPA for environmental metrics.

Average Temperatureโœ“
Precipitation Daysโœ“
Air Quality Indexโœ“
Sunny Days / Yearโœ“
Updated: Annually weather.gov

Data Processing Methodology

1

Collection

Raw data ingested from federal APIs and licensed datasets via automated pipelines

2

Validation

Cross-reference across multiple sources. Flag outliers >2ฯƒ from state/national means for manual review

3

Normalization

Per-capita normalization (crime, jobs). Cost of Living indexed to national average = 100

4

Scoring

Composite scores (Livability, Investment, Safety) computed via weighted multi-factor models

Published Reports

Data-driven insights available for citation and academic use

Data Coverage

Current database coverage across metric categories

Metric Category Primary Source Update Frequency Coverage
Population & Demographics US Census Bureau (ACS) Annual 714 cities
Cost of Living BLS CPI + C2ER Quarterly 713 cities
Housing Market Zillow Research (ZHVI/ZORI) Monthly 713 cities
Crime & Safety FBI UCR / NIBRS Annual 713 cities
Employment & Wages BLS OEWS Annual 800+ occupations
Mortgage & Interest Rates Federal Reserve (FRED) Weekly National
Climate & Weather NWS / NOAA / EPA Annual 714 cities

How to Cite Ocity.org

Use these formats for academic papers, reports, and publications

APA 7th APA Format

Ocity.org. (2026). City data and analysis. Retrieved March 2026, from https://ocity.org/city/[city-slug]

For specific city pages, replace [city-slug] with the city URL.

MLA 9th MLA Format

"City Data and Analysis." Ocity.org, 2026, ocity.org/city/[city-slug]. Accessed 18 Mar. 2026.

Adjust the access date to when you retrieved the data.

Chicago Chicago / Turabian

Ocity.org. "City Data and Analysis." Accessed March 18, 2026. https://ocity.org/city/[city-slug].

BibTeX For LaTeX Users

@misc{ocity2026,
  title   = {City Data and Analysis},
  author  = {Ocity.org},
  year    = {2026},
  url     = {https://ocity.org},
  note    = {Accessed: 2026-03-18}
}

Scoring Models

How we compute composite scores for city comparisons

๐Ÿ  Investment Score

A composite metric for real estate investment potential, computed as:

Investment Score = (Price-to-Rent ร— 0.35) + (Growth ร— 0.25) + (Safety ร— 0.20) + (Affordability ร— 0.20)
Price-to-Rent (35%)
Lower ratio = better investment. Normalized: 100 - (P/R ร— 3)
Growth (25%)
YoY price appreciation. Normalized: (Growth ร— 10) + 50
Safety (20%)
Inverse of violent crime. Normalized: 100 - (Crime/10)
Affordability (20%)
Cost of living index. Normalized: 150 - COL Index

๐Ÿ’ฐ Cap Rate (Estimated)

Estimated capitalization rate for rental properties:

Est. Cap Rate = (Monthly Rent ร— 12) รท Home Price ร— 100 ร— 0.6

The 0.6 multiplier accounts for estimated operating expenses (40% expense ratio: taxes, maintenance, vacancy, insurance).

Usage & License

How you can use our data and research

๐Ÿ“š

Academic Use

Free to cite in research papers, dissertations, and academic publications. Use citation formats above.

โœ“ Always Free
๐Ÿ“ฐ

Media & Press

Journalists and publications may cite and reference our data with attribution to Ocity.org.

โœ“ With Attribution
๐Ÿ›๏ธ

Government Use

Government agencies and policymakers may reference our analysis for public interest purposes.

โœ“ Public Interest

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City Score Badge

Display Ocity livability score

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Cost of Living Compare

Side-by-side cost comparison

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